Obesity and the Salt Connection

What follows is a slightly modified version of anthan normal (e.g. pregnant women).
article I wrote for the monthly glossy magazinePeople whose blood vessel walls have been
of Mensa, the high IQ society, of which I am aweakened by 'slimming' - i.e. eating insufficient
member. It was published in the December 2004food.
issue. Four months later, the April 2005 issueInactivity does not cause obesity. Obesity causes
contained a letter from Joyce Barnard, who hasinactivity.
given permission for her name to be used here.In 2001 I wrote to MPs, to medical people, to
She wrote that by following the advice I hadjournalists, to nutritionists and others, explaining
given her a few years earlier - i.e. that to lowerthat salt sensitivity is what causes obesity, and
her high blood pressure and lose weight sheurging that the facts be made known, particularly
simply needed to eat less sodium - she had lost 5to steroid victims. The powerful and influential
stones in weight (70 pounds) in a year! - All shepeople to whom I wrote have taken no action to
did was stop sprinkling salt onto her meals andgive publicity to the life-saving message. The public
use LoSalt instead of ordinary salt when cooking.is not being told the truth about weight gain and
Many years ago I gained a great deal of weightweight loss. The best, the healthiest, the safest
because of taking HRT prescribed by my GPs,way to lose weight is to concentrate on eating
mainly on the advice of an endocrinologist. - I didless salt (and more potassium).
not realise at the time that the weight gain wasAn Emeritus Professor of Medicine at Oxford*,
because of the medication.wrote back to me in August 2001 that I was
I became desperately ill and exhausted and hadright about steroids causing weight gain because
very high blood pressure for which I tookof salt and water retention and that weight can
Atenolol, a beta-blocker. I was so fat I couldbe lost by eating less salt or by taking diuretics.
barely walk. Yet I was not overeating. My feet,Sadly he seems to be the only medic who knows
hands and breasts were exquisitely painful andthis! - A book on salt, written by experts on
very red and swollen. I was unable to use myhypertension and brought out in a blaze of
hands for many tasks. I needed a larger size inpublicity a few years ago makes no mention of
shoes. My face and neck became beetroot redsteroid victims and specifically states, among
and very swollen. I developed acne and eczema. Iother errors, that HRT does not cause a salt
suffered from breathlessness.problem.
Having never sprinkled salt on my food in my life,A person who gains weight has a higher calorie
and never used it in cooking, in 1997 I becamerequirement. There are two reasons for this.
aware that there was a lot of salt in bread andHaving to carry a greater mass around and
cheese and breakfast cereals. Because of theservice a more massive body uses more calories.
connection between hypertension and salt intake IAnd having a bigger surface area means greater
altered my eating to reduce, and eventually toheat loss, since heat lost is proportional to surface
exclude, all avoidable sodium. This lowered myarea. - A greater calorie requirement results in
blood pressure and I no longer needed to takegreater appetite/hunger, so, really, overweight
Atenolol.people need to eat more than people of normal
More spectacularly, and very unexpectedly to me,weight. If the overweight eat insufficient calories
eating less salt reduced my weight by 51 pounds!(i.e. if they 'diet') they may lose weight, but it is at
- This was nothing to do with calories, fat orthe cost of being hungry. There has never been
sugar. - The weight I lost was clearly water,the slightest evidence that the practice of fewer
which I worked out was held in my body by thecalories in and more calories out by way of
salt - held in my veins, which had becomeexercise reduces obesity! - It is often confidently
massively distended and painful since I hadstated that fat will be lost by doing this. - Sadly,
embarked on the HRT.what is more often lost is lean tissue, usually an
I worked out that it was the oestrogen that hadirreversible adverse effect.
caused the sodium and water retention and thisThe result of the misunderstanding of the cause
was confirmed when I looked in the Britishof obesity is the well-known fact that over 95%
National Formulary for the side-effects ofof dieters actually gain weight in the long term! -
oestrogen. I then realised that oestrogen was aThey cannot be expected to go hungry all the
steroid, though it is not normally thought of in thattime. - Nor would staying hungry all the time
category, and that the sodium and waterbenefit them. - With insufficient calories for the
retention came about because certain steroidsbody's needs, the body feeds on itself. - The skin
and certain other prescribed drugs relax/weakenbecomes thinner; the bones become less dense;
the walls of the blood vessels so that they takethere is some hair loss, etc.
in excess salt and the water which accompaniesContrast this with the right way to lose weight -
it. I realised that I was a 'steroid victim'.by eating less sodium. - Eating less sodium
For many years I have been providing a freereleases some of the excess sodium and water
telephone helpline for people in pain in my areaheld in the blood stream. This lowers the blood
and for the last five years have been advising allpressure and, significantly, lowers the weight. -
callers to reduce their salt intake, particularly whenWeighing less results in a lower calorie requirement
they were obese. Their weight loss, too, has beenso very gradually less food is eaten and this
dramatic and swift. One Mensa member whom Ibecomes a virtuous circle because less food
helped lost about a stone in a month just byeaten results in lower sodium intake.
eating less salt. Her dog, too, lost weight whenIn societies in which no salt is eaten (what some
she stopped salting his food!might describe as undeveloped or uncivilised
I firmly believe that the massive rise in thesocieties) there is no obesity and no hypertension.
incidence of obesity, especially child obesity, is dueThe cavemen and women who were our
to the prevalence of salt in modern diets, mainlyancestors lived for millennia without added salt.
from manufactured foods, and that calorieOur bodies evolved on a low sodium and high
counting and advice about reducing fat and sugarpotassium intake. The modern diet has reversed
intake and increasing exercise arethis to high sodium and low potassium. The intake
counter-productive.of salt has massively increased in recent years -
But salt causes obesity only in vulnerable people,as has the incidence of obesity.
i.e.I submit that the universal 'slimming' advice - to
People whose veins are weak because ofeat fewer calories/less fat/sugar - is a major
immaturity (babies, children),cause of obesity. - All that is necessary to lose
People whose veins are weak because of steroidsweight is to eat less salt/sodium. This is a
or HRT or amitriptyline or certain other prescribeddrug-free, cost-free course of action. There are
drugs, too readily prescribed, often in very highno hunger pangs and no adverse side-effects. It
dose,requires no visits to the doctor or to the gym
People whose natural oestrogen levels are higherand it WILL work.